Search summary:
Session ID: e6cc802167a1f3fd168b0ba4c54fcda6
Search Type: metabolite
Started at: 2010-02-14 03:49:24
Finished at: 2010-02-14 03:50:55
| Field | Result | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Name | ||
| folic acid | External | |
| HMDB ID | ||
| HMDB00121 | HMDB | |
| Bigg ID | ||
| Not Available | Not Applicable | |
| Description | ||
| A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (poaceae). Folic acid, being biochemically inactive, is converted to tetrahydrofolic acid and methyltetrahydrofolate by dihydrofolate reductase. These folic acid congeners are transported across cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis where they are needed to maintain normal erythropoiesis, synthesize purine and thymidylate nucleic acids, interconvert amino acids, methylated tRNA, and generate and use formate. Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia. | HMDB | |
| An estimated 13,500 deaths occur annually due to folate deficiency's effect on coronary artery disease and the risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke has been reduced by 15% since folate fortification regulations were enforced. Adequate concentrations of folate, vitamin B12, or vitamin B6 may decrease the circulating level of homocysteine, an amino acid normally found in blood. There is evidence that an elevated homocysteine level is an independent risk factor for heart disease and stroke. The evidence suggests that high levels of homocysteine may damage coronary arteries or make it easier for blood clotting cells called platelets to clump together and form a clot. However, there is currently no evidence available to suggest that lowering homocysteine with vitamins will reduce risk of heart disease. The NORVIT trial suggests that folic acid supplementation may do more harm than good. | Wikipedia | |
| As of 2006, studies have shown that giving folic acid to reduce levels of homocysteine does not result in clinical benefit. One of these studies suggests that folic acid in combination with B12 may even increase some cardiovascular risks. | Wikipedia | |
| Folate is important for cells and tissues that rapidly divide. Cancer cells divide rapidly, and drugs that interfere with folate metabolism are used to treat cancer. The antifolate methotrexate is a drug often used to treat cancer because it inhibits the production of the active form of THF from the inactive dihydrofolate (DHF). Unfortunately, methotrexate can be toxic, producing side effects such as inflammation in the digestive tract that make it difficult to eat normally. Also, bone marrow depression (inducing leukopenia and thrombocytopenia), acute renal and hepatic failure have been reported. | Wikipedia | |
| Folic acid appears to reduce the risk of stroke. The reviews indicate only that in some individuals the risk of stroke appears to be reduced, but a definite recommendation regarding supplementation beyond the current recommended daily allowance has not been established for stroke prevention. Observed stroke reduction is consistent with the reduction in pulse pressure produced by folate supplementation of 5 mg per day, since hypertension is a key risk factor for stroke. Folic supplements are inexpensive and relatively safe to use and that is why stroke or hyperhomocysteinemia patients are encouraged to consume daily B vitamins including folid acid. | Wikipedia | |
| Folic acid food fortification became mandatory in Canada in 1998, with the fortification of 150 µg of folic acid per 100 grams of enriched flour and uncooked cereal grains. The purpose of fortification was to decrease the risk of neural tube defects in newborns. It is important to fortify grains because it is a widely eaten food and the neural tube closes in the first four weeks of gestation, often before many women even know they are pregnant. Canada's fortification program has been successful with a decrease of neural tube defects by 19% since its introduction. A 7 province study from 1993 to 2002 showed a reduction of 46% in the overall rate of neural tube defects after folic acid fortification was introduced in Canada. The fortification program was estimated to raise a person’s folic acid intake level by 70-130 ug/day, however an increase of almost double that amount was actually observed. This could be from the fact that many foods are over fortified by 160-175% the predicted value. In addition, much of the elder population take supplements which adds 400 µg to their daily folic acid intake. This is a concern because 70-80% of the population have detectable levels of unmetabolized folic acid in their blood and high intakes can accelerate the growth of preneoplasmic lesions. It is still unknown the amount of folic acid supplementation that might cause harm,. However, if Canada is going to continue fortifying the food supply they may want to consider decreasing the amount in foods and supplements from 400 ug to 100 or 50 ug. | Wikipedia | |
| Folic acid is an important nutrient for women who may become pregnant, because a woman's blood levels of folate fall during pregnancy due to an increased maternal RBC synthesis in the first half of the pregnancy and fetal demands in the second half. The first four weeks of pregnancy (when most women do not even realize they are pregnant) require folic acid for proper development of the brain, skull, and spinal cord. Serious birth defects like neural tube defects are less likely to occur when women take 0.4 mg of folic acid daily. Adequate folate intake during the periconceptional period, the time right before and just after a woman becomes pregnant, helps protect against a number of congenital malformations including neural tube defects (which are the most notable birth defects that occur from folate deficiency). Neural tube defects (NTDs) result in malformations of the spine (spina bifida), skull, and brain (anencephaly). The risk of neural tube defects is significantly reduced when supplemental folic acid is consumed in addition to a healthy diet prior to and during the first month following conception. The protective effect of folate during pregnancy goes beyond NTDs. Supplementation with folic acid has been shown to reduce the risk of congenital heart defects, cleft lip, limb defects, and urinary tract anomalies. Women who could become pregnant are advised to eat foods fortified with folic acid or take supplements in addition to eating folate-rich foods to reduce the risk of some serious birth defects. Having enough folic acid supplements in the months before pregnancy is very important to prevent neural tube defects. Taking 400 micrograms of synthetic folic acid daily from fortified foods and/or supplements has been suggested. The RDA for folate equivalents for pregnant women is 600-800 micrograms, twice the normal RDA of 400 micrograms for women who are not pregnant. | Wikipedia | |
| Folic acid supplements prevent mistakes from occurring during DNA replication and repair, for example the mistake of inserting uracils into the DNA. This is a proposed mechanism for folic acid's protection against colorectal cancer. | Wikipedia | |
| Folic acid used in fortified foods is a synthetic form called pteroylmonoglutamate. It is in its oxidized state and contains only one conjugated glutamate residue. Folic acid therefore enters via a different carrier system than naturally occurring folate and this may have different effects on folate binding proteins and its transporters. Folic acid has a higher bioavailability than natural folates and are rapidly absorbed across the intestine, therefore it is important to consider the Dietary Folate Equivalent (DFE) when calculating your intake. Natural occurring folate is equal to 1 DFE, however 0.6 µg of folic acid is equal to 1 DFE. | Wikipedia | |
| Folic acid, a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, is found in foods such as liver, kidneys, yeast, and leafy, green vegetables. Folic acid is used to diagnose folate deficiency and to treat topical sprue and megaloblastic and macrocytic anemias, hematologic complications resulting from a deficiency in folic acid. | DrugBank | |
| Folinic acid, under the drug name leucovorin, is a form of folate (formyl-THF) that can help "rescue" or reverse the toxic effects of methotrexate. Folinic acid is not the same as folic acid. Folic acid supplements have little established role in cancer chemotherapy. There have been cases of severe adverse effects of accidental substitution of folic acid for folinic acid in patients receiving methotrexate cancer chemotherapy. It is important for anyone receiving methotrexate to follow medical advice on the use of folic or folinic acid supplements. The supplement of folinic acid in patients undergoing methotrexate treatment is to give non rapidly dividing cells enough folate to maintain normal cell functions. The amount of folate given will be depleted by rapidly dividing cells (cancer) very fast and so will not negate the effects of methotrexate. Low dose methotrexate is used to treat a wide variety of non-cancerous diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, scleroderma, psoriasis, asthma, sarcoidosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, polymyositis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Low doses of methotrexate can deplete folate stores and cause side effects that are similar to folate deficiency. Both high folate diets and supplemental folic acid may help reduce the toxic side effects of low dose methotrexate without decreasing its effectiveness. Anyone taking low dose methotrexate for the health problems listed above should consult with a physician about the need for a folic acid supplement. | Wikipedia | |
| Hyperhomocysteinemia is a predictor of cardiovascular disease and hypertension among children and folic acid is a safe and effective supplement because it reduces serum homocysteine levels as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, thus preventing cardiovascular disease in children. | Wikipedia | |
| In the form of a series of tetrahydrofolate (THF) compounds, folate derivatives are substrates in a number of single-carbon-transfer reactions, and also are involved in the synthesis of dTMP (2′-deoxythymidine-5′-phosphate) from dUMP (2′-deoxyuridine-5′-phosphate). It is a substrate for an important reaction that involves vitamin B12 and it is necessary for the synthesis of DNA, and so required for all dividing cells. | Wikipedia | |
| Methylene-THF (CH2FH4) is formed from THF by the addition of methylene groups from one of three carbon donors: formaldehyde, serine, or glycine. Methyl tetrahydrofolate (CH3-THF) can be made from methylene-THF by reduction of the methylene group with NADPH. It is important to note that Vitamin B12 is the only acceptor of methyl-THF. There is also only one acceptor for methyl-B12 which is homocysteine in a reaction catalyzed by homocysteine methyltransferase. This is important because a defect in homocysteine methyltransferase or a deficiency of B12 can lead to a methyl-trap of THF and a subsequent deficiency. Thus, a deficiency in B12 can generate a large pool of methyl-THF that is unable to undergo reactions and will mimic folate deficiency. Another form of THF, formyl-THF or folinic acid) results from oxidation of methylene-THF or is formed from formate donating formyl group to THF. Finally, histidine can donate a single carbon to THF to form methenyl-THF. | Wikipedia | |
| Some evidence links a shortage of folate with depression. There is some limited evidence from randomised controlled trials that using folic acid in addition to antidepressants, specifically SSRIs, may have benefits. Research at the University of York and Hull York Medical School has found a link between depression and low levels of folate. One study by the same team involved 15,315 subjects. However, the evidence is probably too limited at present for this to be a routine treatment recommendation. Folic acid supplements have an effect on noradrenaline and serotonine receptors in the brain and this relationship may be the reason why folic acid is an antidepressant. | Wikipedia | |
| The pathway leading to the formation of tetrahydrofolate (FH4) begins when folate (F) is reduced to dihydrofolate (DHF) (FH2), which is then reduced to THF. Dihydrofolate reductase catalyses the last step. Vitamin B3 in the form of NADPH is a necessary cofactor for both steps of the synthesis. | Wikipedia | |
| The risk of toxicity from folic acid is low because folate is a water soluble vitamin and is regularly removed from the body through urine. The Institute of Medicine has established a tolerable upper intake level (UL) for folate of 1 mg for adult men and women, and a UL of 800 µg for pregnant and lactating (breast-feeding) women less than 18 years of age. Supplemental folic acid should not exceed the UL to prevent folic acid from masking symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency. | Wikipedia | |
| There is a relationship between folic acid and allergic diseases. In one study that examined the relationship between serum folate levels and markers of atopy, wheeze, and asthma in 8083 subjects serum folate levels were found to be inversely related to IgE level, atopy, and wheeze in a dose-response relationship. Increased folate levels were also associated with decreased risk of doctor-diagnosed asthma. Folic acid supplementation during late pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma, increased risk of persistent asthma, and poorer respiratory function in young children. | Wikipedia | |
| While the role in folate as a cancer treatment is well established its long term effectiveness is diminished by cellular response. In response to decreased THF the cell begins to transcribe more DHF reductase, the enzyme that reduces DHF to THF. Because methotrexate is a competitive inhibitor of DHF reductase increased concentrations of DHF reductase can overcome the drugs inhibition. | Wikipedia | |
| Chemical Kingdom | ||
| Organic | BioSpider | |
| Chemical Class | ||
| Pterins | HMDB | |
| Vitamins | NuGO | |
| Chemical Species | ||
| aromatic compound | Checkmol | |
| carboxylic acid | Checkmol | |
| heterocyclic compound | Checkmol | |
| oxo(het)arene | Checkmol | |
| primary amine | Checkmol | |
| primary aromatic amine | Checkmol | |
| secondary aliphatic/aromatic amine (alkylarylamine) | Checkmol | |
| secondary amine | Checkmol | |
| secondary carboxylic acid amide | Checkmol | |
| Synonym | ||
| 6484-89-5 (mono-hydrochloride salt) | Pubchem | |
| Acfol (spain) | Pubchem | |
| Acide Folique 5 Tab | DPD | |
| Acide folique | Pubchem | |
| Acide folique [inn-french] | Pubchem | |
| Acido folico | Pubchem | |
| Acido folico [inn-spanish] | Pubchem | |
| Acidum folicum | Pubchem | |
| Acidum folicum [inn-latin] | Pubchem | |
| Acifolic | HMDB | |
| Antianemia factor | Pubchem | |
| Apo Folic Acid Tab 5mg | DPD | |
| Berocca PN | Pubchem | |
| CERNEVIT-12 | Pubchem | |
| Cytofol | HMDB | |
| DHF | Pubchem | |
| Dosfolat b activ | HMDB | |
| Euro Folic 5mg | DPD | |
| F7876_SIGMA | Pubchem | |
| F8758_SIGMA | Pubchem | |
| F8890_SIGMA | Pubchem | |
| FA | Pubchem | |
| FOL | Pubchem | |
| Facid | NIST | |
| Factor u | Pubchem | |
| Folacal | DPD | |
| Folacid | HMDB | |
| Folacin | HMDB | |
| Folaemin | Pubchem | |
| Folaemin [netherlands] | Pubchem | |
| Folan | NIST | |
| Folasic (australia) | Pubchem | |
| Folate | HMDB | |
| Folbal | HMDB | |
| Folcidin | HMDB | |
| Folcidin (van) | Pubchem | |
| Folcysteine | NIST | |
| Foldine | HMDB | |
| Foldine [france] | Pubchem | |
| Folettes | HMDB | |
| Foliamin | HMDB | |
| Folic Acid 0.4 Mg Tablet | DPD | |
| Folic Acid 0.400mg Tablets Usp | DPD | |
| Folic Acid 0.4mg | DPD | |
| Folic Acid 0.4mg (400mcg) | DPD | |
| Folic Acid 0.4mg Tablets | DPD | |
| Folic Acid 0.8mg | DPD | |
| Folic Acid 1 Mg | DPD | |
| Folic Acid 1 Mg Usp | DPD | |
| Folic Acid 1mg | DPD | |
| Folic Acid 400 Mcg Tablets | DPD | |
| Folic Acid Tab 1mg | DPD | |
| Folic Acid Tab 1mg Usp | DPD | |
| Folic Acid Tab 25mg | DPD | |
| Folic Acid Tab 5mg | DPD | |
| Folic Acid Tablets Usp 1mg | DPD | |
| Folic acid (JP15/USP/INN) | Pubchem | |
| Folic acid (TN) | Pubchem | |
| Folic acid [ban:inn:jan] | Pubchem | |
| Folic acid [inn:ban:jan] | Pubchem | |
| Folic acid dihydrate | Pubchem | |
| Folic acid injection usp | DPD | |
| Folicet | HMDB | |
| Folicet (TN) | Pubchem | |
| Folico | Pubchem | |
| Folico (italy) | Pubchem | |
| Folina | Pubchem | |
| Folina (italy) | Pubchem | |
| Folipac | HMDB | |
| Folsaeure | Pubchem | |
| Folsan | HMDB | |
| Folsaure | HMDB | |
| Folsav | HMDB | |
| Foluite | NIST | |
| Folvite | HMDB | |
| Folvron | Pubchem | |
| Glutamic acid, pteroyl-, l- | NIST | |
| Incafolic | HMDB | |
| Infuvite pediatric | Pubchem | |
| Kyselina listova | NIST | |
| Kyselina listova [czech] | Pubchem | |
| L-pteroylglutamic acid | NIST | |
| Liver lactobacillus casei factor | HMDB | |
| Liver lactobacillus, casei factor | NIST | |
| M.V.I.-12 LYOPHILIZED | Pubchem | |
| M.v.I. pediatric | Pubchem | |
| MULTI-12 | Pubchem | |
| MVC plus | Pubchem | |
| Millafol | HMDB | |
| Mission prenatal | NIST | |
| Mittafol | Pubchem | |
| Mixture name | Pubchem | |
| N-pteroyl-l-glutamic acid | HMDB | |
| Nifolin | Pubchem | |
| Nifolin [denmark] | Pubchem | |
| Novo-Folacid 5mg | DPD | |
| Novofolacid | Pubchem | |
| Novofolacid [canada] | Pubchem | |
| PGA | HMDB | |
| Pga (van) | Pubchem | |
| Prestwick_230 | Pubchem | |
| Pteglu | HMDB | |
| Pteroyl-l-glutamate | HMDB | |
| Pteroyl-l-glutamic acid | HMDB | |
| Pteroyl-l-monoglutamate | HMDB | |
| Pteroyl-l-monoglutamic acid | HMDB | |
| Pteroylglutamate | HMDB | |
| Pteroylglutamic acid | HMDB | |
| Pteroylmonoglutamate | Pubchem | |
| Pteroylmonoglutamic acid | HMDB | |
| Serum folate level | Pubchem | |
| THG | Pubchem | |
| UNII-935E97BOY8 | Pubchem | |
| USAF cb-13 | NIST | |
| Vitamin B11 | NIST | |
| Vitamin B9 | Pubchem | |
| Vitamin BC | HMDB | |
| Vitamin b | NIST | |
| Vitamin be | HMDB | |
| Vitamin m | HMDB | |
| Vitaped | Pubchem | |
| nchembio.108-comp10 | Pubchem | |
| CAS | ||
| 59-30-3 | HMDB | |
| InChI Identifier | ||
InChI=1/C19H19N7O6/c20-19-25-15-14(17(30)26-19)23-11(8-22-15)7-21 -10-3-1-9(2-4-10)16(29)24-12(18(31)32)5-6-13(27)28/h1-4,8,12,21H, 5-7H2,(H,24,29)(H,27,28)(H,31,32)(H3,20,22,25,26,30) |
World Wide Molecular Matrix | |
| IUPAC | ||
| 2-[[4-[(2-amino-4-hydroxy-pteridin-6-yl)methylamino]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid | HMDB | |
| Chemical Formula | ||
| C19H19N7O6 | HMDB | |
| Chemical Structure | ||
 |
HMDB | |
| Average Molecular Weight (g/mol) | ||
| 441.397460 | BioSpider | |
| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight (g/mol) | ||
| 441.139680 | BioSpider | |
| SMILES (Isomeric) | ||
O=C(O)C(NC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)NCc2nc3c(nc2)N/C(=N\C3=O)N)CCC(=O)O |
ChemSpider | |
| SMILES (Canonical) | ||
NC1=NC(=O)C2=NC(CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)=CN=C2N1 |
HMDB | |
| Kegg Compound | ||
| C00504 | HMDB | |
| Pubchem Compound ID | ||
| 6037 | HMDB | |
| Pubchem Substance ID | ||
| 10318222 | Pubchem | |
| 10321330 | Pubchem | |
| 11112150 | Pubchem | |
| 11335669 | Pubchem | |
| 11360908 | Pubchem | |
| 11364275 | Pubchem | |
| 11366837 | Pubchem | |
| 11369399 | Pubchem | |
| 11371658 | Pubchem | |
| 11375360 | Pubchem | |
| 11377561 | Pubchem | |
| 11461880 | Pubchem | |
| 11485093 | Pubchem | |
| 11489275 | Pubchem | |
| 11490565 | Pubchem | |
| 11493565 | Pubchem | |
| 11495195 | Pubchem | |
| 11537760 | Pubchem | |
| 14857129 | Pubchem | |
| 148901 | Pubchem | |
| 14930521 | Pubchem | |
| 16028504 | Pubchem | |
| 16077361 | Pubchem | |
| 22389272 | Pubchem | |
| 24845192 | Pubchem | |
| 24894950 | Pubchem | |
| 24894973 | Pubchem | |
| 24894977 | Pubchem | |
| 24894979 | Pubchem | |
| 26486597 | Pubchem | |
| 26612259 | Pubchem | |
| 26680757 | Pubchem | |
| 26704619 | Pubchem | |
| 26704771 | Pubchem | |
| 26708391 | Pubchem | |
| 26710566 | Pubchem | |
| 26710571 | Pubchem | |
| 26710897 | Pubchem | |
| 26710911 | Pubchem | |
| 26710913 | Pubchem | |
| 26719334 | Pubchem | |
| 26754169 | Pubchem | |
| 29204143 | Pubchem | |
| 29225051 | Pubchem | |
| 3787 | Kegg | |
| 46394037 | Pubchem | |
| 46508092 | Pubchem | |
| 47184484 | Pubchem | |
| 47291092 | Pubchem | |
| 47440205 | Pubchem | |
| 47515277 | Pubchem | |
| 47959695 | Pubchem | |
| 48184954 | Pubchem | |
| 48259189 | Pubchem | |
| 48334445 | Pubchem | |
| 48416033 | Pubchem | |
| 48422025 | Pubchem | |
| 48423436 | Pubchem | |
| 49698592 | Pubchem | |
| 49755686 | Pubchem | |
| 49856246 | Pubchem | |
| 50085945 | Pubchem | |
| 50100133 | Pubchem | |
| 50130693 | Pubchem | |
| 50412567 | Pubchem | |
| 56310593 | Pubchem | |
| 56313228 | Pubchem | |
| 56313229 | Pubchem | |
| 56320918 | Pubchem | |
| 56435724 | Pubchem | |
| 56435752 | Pubchem | |
| 57323136 | Pubchem | |
| 57654192 | Pubchem | |
| 584223 | Pubchem | |
| 7847138 | Pubchem | |
| 7887399 | Pubchem | |
| 7887539 | Pubchem | |
| 7979297 | Pubchem | |
| 8144505 | Pubchem | |
| 8149795 | Pubchem | |
| 8153763 | Pubchem | |
| 829572 | Pubchem | |
| 831381 | Pubchem | |
| 831592 | Pubchem | |
| 831633 | Pubchem | |
| 831664 | Pubchem | |
| 834516 | Pubchem | |
| 835597 | Pubchem | |
| 835744 | Pubchem | |
| 837196 | Pubchem | |
| 841329 | Pubchem | |
| 84943783 | Pubchem | |
| 85165103 | Pubchem | |
| 85354204 | Pubchem | |
| 85741522 | Pubchem | |
| 85741526 | Pubchem | |
| 87225846 | Pubchem | |
| 87275284 | Pubchem | |
| OMIM ID | ||
| 136610 | HMDB | |
| 136630 | HMDB | |
| 229050 | HMDB | |
| 229100 | HMDB | |
| 236200 | HMDB | |
| 236250 | HMDB | |
| 309548 | HMDB | |
| 601634 | HMDB | |
| 601775 | HMDB | |
| 603174 | HMDB | |
| 608866 | HMDB | |
| ChEBI | ||
| 27470 | HMDB | |
| BioCyc | ||
| FOLATE | HMDB | |
| Wikipedia | ||
| Folic acid | HMDB | |
| Melting Point | ||
| 250 oC | HMDB | |
| Charge | ||
| Not Available | Not Applicable | |
| State | ||
| Solid | HMDB | |
| MSDS Link | ||
| 1266144637.pdf | www.sciencelab.com | |
| 1266144639.pdf | HMDB | |
| Experimental Water Solubility | ||
| 0.0016 mg/mL at 25 oC [MERCK INDEX (1983)] | PhysProp | |
| Predicted Water Solubility | ||
| 0.186 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] | Alogps | |
| Experimental LogP | ||
| Not Available | Not Applicable | |
| Predicted LogP | ||
| -0.66 [Predicted by ALOGPS] | Alogps | |
| -2.81 [MEYLAN,WM & HOWARD,PH (1995)] | HMDB | |
| pKa | ||
| 1 st : 2.3, 2 nd : 8.3 | Wikipedia | |
| SDF File | ||
| 1266144583.sdf | Pubchem | |
| Mol File | ||
| 1266144622.mol | Molconvert | |
| Pdb File | ||
| 1266144626.pdb | Molconvert | |
| Mass Spec File | ||
| Not Available | Not Applicable | |
| Associated Disorder | ||
| Not Available | Not Applicable | |
| Pathway | ||
| Not Available | Not Applicable | |
| Enzymes | ||
O60779[ UniProt | Analyze ] |
HMDB | |
O95954[ UniProt | Analyze ] |
HMDB | |
P00374[ UniProt | Analyze ] |
HMDB | |
P14207[ UniProt | Analyze ] |
HMDB | |
P15328[ UniProt | Analyze ] |
HMDB | |
P41439[ UniProt | Analyze ] |
HMDB | |
P41440[ UniProt | Analyze ] |
HMDB | |
P49914[ UniProt | Analyze ] |
HMDB | |
Q14749[ UniProt | Analyze ] |
HMDB | |
Q53S99[ UniProt | Analyze ] |
HMDB | |
Q9H2D1[ UniProt | Analyze ] |
HMDB | |
| Compartments | ||
| Not Available | Not Applicable | |
| Reaction (query compound consumed) | ||
| Not Available | Not Applicable | |
| Reaction (query compound produced) | ||
| Not Available | Not Applicable | |
| Reaction, reversible (query compound neither consumed nor produced) | ||
| Not Available | Not Applicable | |
| Reaction (query compound is transported across a membrane) | ||
| Not Available | Not Applicable |